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The wolves once more spread their roots in Minnesota and jumped to Wisconsin, and though a reintroduction attempt failed in Michigan, they migrated back into the state on their own, Treves said.

But protections aren’t evenly spread, Treves said, in large part thanks to a lack of a national recovery plan from federal officials.

“Right from the get-go in New England, people who were hunting for deer misperceived them as competitors,” Treves said.

By the early 1970s the country had wiped out all wolves in the Lower 48 states, except for a small population in northeast Minnesota, Treves said.

Once, gray wolves roamed across much of the country, inhabiting around 38 states and much of Canada, said Adrian Treves, an environmental studies professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.