Philip IV

She had already been married to the king for three years, wedded first by proxy when Philip IV was off at war, and she was still in Vienna, and then in person after her arrival in Spain.

In an indispensable new book from Yale University Press, “Spanish Fashion in the Age of Velázquez: A Tailor at the Court of Philip IV,” historian Amanda Wunder unearths the long-neglected story of Aguado, an applied artist who toiled for the royal household almost as long as the painter did.

Ecce Homo is believed to have belonged to the private collection of Spain's King Philip IV, before being exhibited in the apartments of his son, Charles II.

One of the downgraded was a portrait of Philip IV that had been listed as a Velásquez.

When Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez arrives in Italy in 1649, tasked by Philip IV to bring new artworks and plaster casts back to Spain, the painter brings along his assistant Juan de Pareja, who has been enslaved in Velázquez’s household and studio for nearly 20 years.