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Christiane ��ü�������𾱲�-�մDZ��󲹰���, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Biology and a nonvoting member of the MPG Senate, is critical of the way the case has played out.

In November, Christiane ��ü�������𾱲�-�մDZ��󲹰���, a Nobel laureate and a director at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, argued in a separate letter to her fellow members of MPG’s Senate that there are “deep-seated, unacknowledged prejudices against women in leadership positions” at MPG, according to press accounts.

In 1979, one year after Lewis had published his paper on the genes that govern limb and wing development, two embryologists, Christiane ��ü�������𾱲�-�մDZ��󲹰��� and Eric Wieschaus, working in Heidelberg, began to create fruit fly mutants to capture the very first steps that govern the formation of the embryo.

The mutants generated by ��ü�������𾱲�-�մDZ��󲹰��� and Wieschaus were even more dramatic than the ones described by Lewis.

The genes altered in these mutants, ��ü�������𾱲�-�մDZ��󲹰��� and Wieschaus reasoned, determine the basic architectural plan of the embryo.