Norilsk

Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, 34, was born in Norilsk, Russia, and studied philosophy at Moscow State University.

Nornickel said smelters in the Arctic city of Norilsk release roughly 1.8 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide emissions annually.

Nornickel cut emissions in Norilsk by 30-35% in 2016 when it shut down its oldest nickel plant.

It intends to ramp up to produce 200,000 metric tons a year of nickel, second only to Russia’s Norilsk Nickel with its Australian operations producing 120,000-130,000 tons and its Tanzanian Kabanga operations around 60,000-70,000 tons.

"So basically, take Norilsk or Yakutsk – those cities look like an atomic bomb has exploded there."