NADH

Increases in NADH, acetyl-CoA and ATP pools by deleting competing pathways and stripping the butanol from the reactor as it is produced have produced 30 g l of butanol in fermenters.

One important set of enzymes—NADH oxidases—used, on average, only a third as much oxygen in autistic children as they did in non-autists, and eight of the autistic children had significantly lower NADH-oxidase activity than is normal.

Previous work has shown that CtBP senses the amount of energy in a cell by binding to a small molecule called NADH.

A low NAD+/NADH ratio, according to Dr Gardner’s work, has a similar effect to a mutation.