Indus valley civilization

Caste is a hierarchical system of group stratification with roots tracing back to Hinduism as practiced in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.

Prior to the drought, the Indus Valley civilization in contemporary Pakistan and northwest India had grown rapidly, building dense, complex cities and trade routes.

“The sari is one of the oldest surviving garments in human history, with its origins going back to the Indus Valley civilization.”

At roughly the same time that ancient Egyptians were constructing their first great pyramids and Mesopotamians were building monumental temples and ziggurats, the Harappans of South Asia—also known as the Indus Valley Civilization—were erecting massive baked brick housing complexes and cutting elaborate canal systems.

“The Indus Valley Civilization has been an enigma for a long time,” says Priya Moorjani, a population geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley, who wasn’t involved with the study.