Harappan

The Indus, or Harappan, civilisation - one of the world's earliest urban societies - emerged 5,300 years ago in present-day northwest India and Pakistan.

Also known as the Harappan civilisation, named after its first city, this society - which included austere farmers and traders who lived in walled, baked-brick cities - rose to prominence some 5,300 years ago in what is now north-west India and Pakistan.

He says that seals of the Harappan civilisation - one of the oldest civilisations in human history that flourished in the Indian subcontinent - also depict the close relationship man shared with animals.

Now, for the first time, scientists have analyzed the genome of an ancient Harappan.

Knowing that the Indus civilization traded with those regions, and that those 11 individuals had little in common genetically with others buried in their regions, Reich and colleagues concluded they were likely Harappan migrants.