Gujarat

Not surprisingly, Punjab and Gujarat - top origin states for unauthorised Indians - are among India's wealthier regions, where land values far exceed returns from farming.

There are 104 Indian deportees on the flight and they will be processed separately from regular passengers before boarding buses to their home states, including Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.

In 2015, India's pollution control board said that the toxic waste would be incinerated in Gujarat but the plan was dropped after protests.

Muslims in states like Gujarat and Maharashtra and even in the capital, Delhi, have often said they are unable to buy or rent homes in Hindu neighbourhoods.

He has thrived despite critics labeling his business empire as crony capitalism, pointing to his close ties with Modi, both as Gujarat's chief minister - where they both hail from - and as India's prime minister.