Gomulka

In the months that followed Gomulka’s speech, my grandfather was expelled from the Communist Party and fired from his job.

Defending lawyer Michael Gomulka said the defendant, who had a gambling addiction, acted out of greed.

Mr Gomulka said Ibrahim had been a man of "previous good character" and described the case as "almost Shakespearean".

To Poles who grew up under Communist rule, fizzy alcoholic beverages made from apples, known as jabolami, were the epitome of socialist shabbiness, drunk only by misty-eyed seniors lamenting the days of Gomulka and Gierek.

"The Polish economy was particularly weak in three areas - exports, financial services and retail sales," says Stanislaw Gomulka, an economist and former finance minister.