Golgi apparatus

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that stores and modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is usually near the cell nucleus and consists of a stack of flattened sacs. Proteins secreted by the endoplasmic reticulum are transported into and across the Golgi apparatus by vesicles and may be combined with sugars to form glycoproteins. The modified products are stored in vesicles (such a lysosomes) for later use or transported by vesicles to the plasma membrane, where they are excreted from the cell. The Golgi apparatus is named for its identifier, Italian cytologist Camillo Golgi (1843–1926). It is also called the Golgi body or, in plant cells, the dictyosome .
◆ Collectively in the cell, these organelles are known as the Golgi complex .
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The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages proteins to be sent to their final destinations, whether that's within or outside of the cell.

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Scientists have long studied membrane-bound compartments, called organelles, in plant cells, such as the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and most significantly, the nucleus, where DNA gets copied and transcribed into RNA.

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Most of the well-known components inside a cell have a defined shape and come wrapped in an exterior membrane: the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus.

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Similarly, the Golgi apparatus -- responsible for cellular trafficking and communication -- exhibited metabolic defects that were likely caused by alpha-synuclein disrupting inter-organelle communication.

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All eukaryotes have the exact same set of organelles familiar to anyone who has studied cell biology: nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, lysosome and centriole.

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Golgi Golgi body

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