Black Nationalism

James Taylor, a political science professor at the University of San Francisco and author of “Black Nationalism in the United States: From Malcolm X to Barack Obama,” agreed that Breed leaves office with a “mixed legacy.”

“London will fight back. She’ll snap. She’ll show you she’s from Plaza East projects,” said James Taylor, a political science professor at the University of San Francisco and author of “Black Nationalism in the United States: From Malcolm X to Barack Obama.”

The Atlanta-based civil rights group was known for its sit-ins against segregation in the Deep South, but by 1967 it had shifted to a more militant Black nationalism and asked all white members to leave.

It’s true that Black leaders in the mid-20th century believed economic empowerment was a prerequisite for equality; in 1964, Malcolm X described “Black Nationalism” as his “social, political and economic philosophy.”

The program put the political dictates of Black nationalism into action through popular culture.