biotic

The results show that biotic interactions can have a strong influence on plants' ability to adapt to abiotic factors and that adaptation is most efficient when plants are exposed to a variety of interactions.

"But few studies have examined biotic impacts, such as pathogen infection, on thermal tolerance in natural populations in combination with abiotic factors," she explained.

But what happens to these biotic communities when the source of hot fluids is exhausted?

The tendency of communities and the species within them to become more similar or more distinct across landscapes -- biotic homogenisation and differentiation -- are approximately balanced, according to a new study published in Science Advances.

These changes also lead to biotic shifts, as species from warmer waters also flow into the Arctic along with the warm Atlantic water.