preposition
in relation to; compared with: income -à- expenditures.
The mere fact that -à- functions as an adverb, adjective, preposition, and noun all but guarantees many meanings, all semantically related: as an adverb the phrase means “face to face”; as an attributive adjective “face-to-face”; as a preposition “compared with; in relation to”; and as a noun “a person face to face with or opposite another one; a date at a social affair; a person of equal rank or authority.” The still obviously French term -à- has at least as many meanings as the English one. The French noun vis comes from Vulgar Latin īܲ “face,” from Latin īܲ “sight, vision, faculty of sight, form, appearance.” īܲ is a derivative of the verb ŧ “to see, see with the mind’s eye, notice.” վ-à- entered English in the mid-18th century.
Until recently, at least in the United States, our notions of privacy have been rooted in the Fourth Amendment’s delineation of the federal government’s powers -à- the individual citizen.
I’m a stockbroker, and … my timing has been off lately vis-a-vis the market …
noun
any speech or discourse of bitter denunciation.
The adjective and noun philippic come from Latin Philippicus “of or pertaining to King Philip II of Macedon” (the father of Alexander the Great), from Greek ʳ辱ó with the same meaning. ʳ辱ó is usually used in the plural, ʳ辱ó, with the plural noun óǾ “speeches” understood. The original ʳ辱ó óǾ were three speeches delivered by the Athenian statesman Demosthenes against King Philip of Macedon between 351 and 341 b.c. The second set of philippics were the 14 orations that the Roman statesman and man of letters Marcus Tullius Cicero delivered against Mark Antony between 44 and 43 b.c. Cicero himself called these speeches (ōrātiōnēs) Philippicae “Philippic (orations).” The speeches not unnaturally enraged Mark Antony, who ensured that Cicero’s name stood at the head of the list of proscriptions. The adjective sense of philippic entered English in the mid-16th century.
Ms. Goldstein’s book is meticulously fair and disarmingly balanced, serving up historical commentary instead of a searing philippic.
… his philippic against King Leopold for the atrocities he sanctioned called the attention of the whole world to conditions that constituted a disgrace to modern civilization.
noun
the state of being no longer used or practiced.
Desuetude comes from French ééٳܻ, a borrowing of Latin ŧŧū “disuse,” a derivative of the verb ŧŧ “to lay aside a habit or custom” and the abstract noun suffix –ūō. ŧŧ is a compound verb composed of the preposition and prefix ŧ, ŧ-, here indicating negation, and the verb ŧ “to become accustomed to, to make accustomed.” In ŧ the suffix –ŧ indicates an inchoative or inceptive meaning (“to begin to…”). Desuetude entered English in the 15th century.
A very few people, not appearing to be up to much, sat far apart at desks in a dimly lighted panorama of desuetude.
The practice of “leaving a calling card” may have fallen into desuetude among human beings, but as a description of pet behavior the phrase continues to have legs.